Doping and sports - 2009

2009

In 2009, 1,593 anti-doping controls were conducted in Belgium, of which 20 were atypical, 44 had abnormal results and 30 tests were refused, yielding a doping total of 4.8%. Out of competition there were 608 tests, 19 of which were atypical, 10 had abnormal results and 1 test was refused, yielding a total of 1.80% positive results.

WADA defined doping as "committing one or more of the doping violations described in Articles 2.1 to 2.8 of the Code."

• The presence of a prohibited substance or of its degradation products or markers in a sample of the athlete;
• The use or attempted use of a prohibited substance or method by an athlete;
• Refusing or failing to give a sample without a valid reason after a call in accordance with the applicable anti-doping rules, or bypassing a sampling;
• Violation of the applicable requirements with regard to the availability of the athlete for non-competition doping controls, including failure to communicate the required residence data and failure to undergo doping controls based on rules that comply with the International Standard for Doping Controls. Any combination of three missed checks and / or reporting omissions within a period of eighteen months as determined by the anti-doping organizations with jurisdiction over the athlete is considered a doping violation;
• Fraud or attempted fraud of any part of the doping control;
• The possession of prohibited substances and prohibited methods;
• Trade or attempted trade of any prohibited substance or method;
• Administration or attempted administration to any athlete within a competition of any prohibited method or prohibited substance, or administration or attempted administration to any athlete outside of a competition of any prohibited method or any prohibited substance prohibited outside competition, or cooperating , encouraging, assisting, assisting, hiding or any other form of complicity in the context of a doping violation or any attempted doping violation.

After all, it had been concluded that it was not sufficient to test athletes for prohibited means and techniques only during competitions. Most often, the doping occurred in the weeks and even months prior to a competition. In order to make this type of check-up possible, athletes were required to provide the competent authorities with accurate information about their residence data, the so-called 'whereabouts'. WADA considers failing to provide this information three times within a period of eighteen months or the refusal of a check to be a doping violation. Communicating the whereabouts was already common in the 2003 Code, but from January 2009 the athletes were expected to specify a timeframe of 60 minutes each day in which they will be available for a check at a location they have chosen. They are forbidden to leave the specified place during that time.

A scientific study on ozone therapy requested by WADA showed that therapy has no performance-enhancing influence and is therefore not included in the WADA doping list. However, treatment is forbidden in Wada because needles are used. With ozone therapy, a little bit of drained blood is treated with ozone and then injected back. It is therefore a blood transfusion and it is prohibited.

From 2005 to 2009, a study was conducted in France showing that 200 to 400 people died a sudden death while exercising as a result of heart problems. 36% of them were younger than 40, 76% younger than 60. Men represented 95% and 63% died during training. The highest percentage was found among cyclists (33%), with runners in rank two (21%) and soccer players (14%) in third place. In 75% of the cases, a heart anomaly was the cause of death.

In the British Journal of Sports Medicine the study of an Australian sports physician appeared that 1% of the total population was willing to die an early death at the price of a great success in working life.

Doping in the GDR

The German Interior Ministry released half a million Euros with which research teams from Berlin and Münster had to dig the German pharmaceutical past. After three years the study 'Doping in Germany from 1950 to the present' revealed little and the report coincidentally broke off at the time of German reunification.

In Magdeburg, Germany, former rower Cornelia Jeske-Reichhelm (1963-) lodged a complaint in order to receive a monthly interest for the consequences of the systematic use of doping in the former GDR. From the age of 13 she rowed for SC Dynamo Berlin under trainer Berndt Arendt, who became the 1970 world champion in Canada with the GDR. From the outset, she was given several drugs, first so-called vitamins, then syringes, infusions and nasty-tasting protein drinks, which were later replaced by pralines. She didn't know what was in them. At the age of 16 she suffered from severe back and headaches, which were treated with syringes again before every game. It was called muscle relaxants. At the age of 18 she had to start using anabolics, which she refused.

It later emerged that she already had spinal disc problems at the age of 17, which was clearly noticeable in scans from the time. But the doctors and trainers kept her in the dark and let her work out.

"Later I got inflammation of my heart muscle, bladder, kidney, veins and gastric mucosa. The many doping products also damaged the support and connective tissue. I was operated on several times from varicose veins, after the sixth procedure I stopped counting. In 2000 I crashed. One of the medical reports states that I had a heavily degenerative altered spinal column. I have been in pain for more than 30 years and I cannot go to work."

In 1994 she gave birth to a son with clubfoot and in 2003 a gynecological examination showed that she had been given testosterone seven times a month since she was thirteen, the following year it was even increased to 24 times.

Cornelia Jeske-Reichheim filed a lawsuit in which she claimed a monthly pension for her health damage. Her application for aid was first rejected by the Berlin State Office for Health and Social Affairs (Berliner Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales). According to the designated expert, Eberhard Nieschlag (1941-), Professor of Endocrinology at the University Clinic of Münster, there was no causal link between the then-given administration of anabolic steroids and current health problems.

The Magdeburger Social Court subsequently appointed the German sports physician Christoph Raschka (1961-) as a new expert, who was categorical:

"On the basis of statistics, it is clear that skeletal damage is part of the typical image of GDR victims."

Thanks to this report, Cornelia Jeske-Reichhelm received a 70% injury rate from the Court.

In 2014 she published her biography 'Doping-Kinder des kaltes Krieges' (Doping children of the cold war).

In September 2009, Bernd Richter (1956-) gave an interview to the German daily newspaper 'Märkischen Allgemeinen', in which the former hammer thrower explained his doping experience. At the age of 11 he was admitted to the Children and youth sports school. In the early 1970s he was called up for the national youth team and people started doping experiments. When he got breasts at the age of 15, it was explained as 'increased sweating' during exercise, which would cause hormonal problems.

"What they gave us there was not allowed even in animal experiments."

After an international competition in Cuba, the 17-year-old decided to flee to the West via Hungary and Yugoslavia. However, a 'friend' betrayed him and the Stasi arrested him in Yugoslavia. After a marathon interrogation, he was locked up in prison, a detention that could have cost him his life. Due to the lack of ten hours of daily training, a cardiac arrest threatened. After six months he got amnesty and started exercising again, but the Stasi put him back behind bars. The administration of anabolics for many years later weighed heavily, his cartilage crumbled, he got clotting disorders, struggled with emboli and thrombosis and only morphine helped the intense pain.

In 2009 the book 'Meine zwei Halbzeiten: Ein Leben in Ost und West' (My two halves: a life in the East and the West) was published, the autobiography of German football coach Jörg Berger (1944-2010), who fled to the West in 1979 after the international match against Yugoslavia. From 1976 to 1978, Berger was in charge of the youth teams and the B team of the GDR. After his flight, he soon discovered that the Stasi controlled him very strictly and repeatedly threatened him. At one point he ended up in the hospital where it turned out he was poisoned, presumably by the Stasi. That suspicion was confirmed after the fall of the wall in the Stasi archives.

"During the period that I trained the junior team of the GDR, I always had to deal with a sports doctor. I did not find him sympathetic at all and I avoided him as much as possible. After lunch I once saw him hand out colored pills to the My wife Harriet Blank, who had been a swimmer herself and then trained the youth, told me that her swimmer also received “supportive tablets.” She didn't know what it was exactly, she took it, even if they had doubts about whether it was vitamins. That's how we were raised."

In 1993, Berger participated with Schalke 04 in the indoor football tournament in Leipzig, where doping controls would take place.

"After the draw of the players to be checked, it was precisely this man who entered our dressing room who had handed out 'vitamin preparations' to youth teams. He introduced himself as the doctor who had to carry out the check for the German Football Association. I shouted to him that he had to leave the dressing room or that accidents would happen. I could not believe what I had just experienced, what a shame! "

The physician was the former DFV doctor Hans-Jörg Eißmann, who worked in the DFB training camp in Leipzig after the fall of the wall. In addition, he was Chairman of the Medical Commission of UEFA from 1986 to 1998, their adviser from 1998 to 2000 and from 2000 Doping Controller for UEFA.

American football

Along with other Oakland Raiders players, Dana Stubblefield (1970-) was named in the BALCO lists as a user of THG and EPO. Because he cooperated well in the investigation by revealing the names of players, agents and trainers, he was given a mild two-year suspension.

Tony Mandarich (1966-) played as an offensive lineman in the American NFL. In 1989 he was named 'the best offensive line prospect ever' by the magazine Sports Illustrated. A few years later, however, the same magazine called him "the biggest flop in NFL history." Mandarich did not come to terms with his steroid use until he published a book in 2009 in which he chronologically described his horrifying doping history, which not only destroyed his career but almost cost him his life.

Baseball

In December 2007, Alex Rodriguez (1975-) signed a ten-year contract with the New York Yankees for $ 275 million, which was the highest amount ever in the American Professional Baseball League. After first denying it, he later admitted during an interview in the TV program '60 Minutes' that he had used anabolics from 2001 to 2003, the period in which he played for the Texas Rangers.

“At the time, baseball had a different culture. Everything was very loose. I was young, I was stupid, I was naive. And I wanted to prove to everyone that I was worthy of being the greatest player of all time. I took a prohibited product. And now I am very sorry. "

Later that month, Rodriguez held a press conference in Tampa, where he provided more explanation in the presence of many teammates. He and an unnamed cousin had bought an "over-the-counter" (OTC) product in the Dominican Republic, which was called boli or bollee. At Rodriguez's request, his cousin smuggled the product to the United States and twice a month injected "boli," the "snake" for Primobolan. Rodriguez claimed that he did not know that it was a prohibited product, but that he had much more power after every syringe. Rodriguez then became spokesperson for the "Taylor Hooton Foundation", an organization that informs young people about the dangers of anabolic use.

But to top it off, the New York Times reported in February 2010 that Rodriguez was being treated by Canadian sports physician Anthony Galea (1950-), who was investigating distributing growth hormones to athletes and admitting that he also treated Rodriguez had, but only with anti-inflammatory drugs. In August 2013, Rodriguez was suspended in the context of the Biogenesus scandal 211 matches due to the use of growth hormones, testosterone and anobleous steroids. He appealed against this because he would miss out on a $ 36 million salary. His sentence was eventually reduced to 162 games.

In July, the New York Times reported that Manny Ramírez (1972-) and David Ortiz (1975-), together with a hundred other baseball players, had tested positive for anabolics. At a press conference, Ortiz denied the allegations and claimed that the positive pee of 2003 was caused by dietary supplements or vitamins. In 2019 someone shot Ortiz a bullet in the back.

Sergio Miter (1981-) from the New York Yankees was suspended after a positive test on androsterendion for the first fifty games of the 2009 season.

Basketball

Croatian Mario Kasun (1980-) of the Turkish team Efes Pilsen was suspended for distributing Cathine.

American Rashard Lewis (1979-) of the Orlando Magics got ten games suspension and for that period also paid his 1.4 million dollar wage, because he had been on steroids.

Kerem Gönlüm (1977-) played a professional basketball with Anadolu Efes Istanbul, but also with the Turkish national team. He tested positive for cathine, also known as d-norpseudoephedrine, which forced him to stay aside for a year.

Bodybuilding

The 2009 Belgian bodybuilding championship could not take place. When the doping doctors of the Flemish Community appeared during the weight of the the twenty participants, they fled through windows and doors. The year before 29 inspections were carried out on Belgian bodybuilders, of which 22 were positive.

Jordanian bodybuilder Mustafa Mohammad (1966-), famous for his immense thighs of just 82 cm, was never caught doping.

Apparently Mustafa regained his "normal" size after stopping with the sport, as is clearly visible in the pictures above.

Boxing

American "Sugar" Shane Mosley (1971-) was world champion in three different weight categories. He too was apparently a regular customer of BALCO and was questioned about this by Judge Louis York from New York. Mosley argued that he was convinced that they were vitamins, and the judge asked him why he would not go to a local pharmacy Mosley responded:

"Because BALCO's packaging was larger."

Research revealed that Mosley had purchased USD 1,850 in EPO, steroids and masking agents. The researchers also found "doping calendars"

Car Racing

After he tested positive for metamphetamine for the second time, American car racer Jeremy Mayfield (1969-) was thrown out of NASCAR. After a tip that Mayfield wanted to commit burglaries with four accomplices to pay for his methamphetamine addiction, the police searched his home in Catawba County. Only 1.5 grams of the item was found there, but there was a hundred thousand dollars worth of stolen items. A lot of heavy machines that were taken away from two local companies and audiovisual equipment that was stolen from the Red Bull Racing Team. Mayfield appealed, but in 2011 his estate was taxed by the US tax authorities because he owed $ 82,000 in arrears. In 2012, he was evicted from his home and sentenced in January 2014 to eighteen months for possession and use of drugs plus a fine of $ 88,124.41 and $ 1,100 in court fees.

Cycling

In an interview with the German weekly magazine "Der Spiegel", German Jörg Jaksche (1976-) confessed that he was a client of the controversial Spanish sports physician Eufemiano Fuentes (1955-). He also accused his Belgian sports director Walter Godefroot (1943-) that he was fully aware of the use of doping.

In the German weekly 'Bild am Sonntag', Jaksche claimed that he had passed on to the German police in July 2007 all the names of the people who were involved in the doping use. Belgian sports director Rudy Pevenage (1954-) is said to have given him EPA. In addition, team physician, Claudio Sprenger (1968-), regularly injected him with insulin in 1997 and 1998, a product that was not yet on the list of prohibited substances during that period.

In November the Spanish police rolled up a doping network. The key figure was Peruvian Walter Virú, once a team physician at Kelme, who maintained close ties with the notorious Spanish sports physian Eufemiano Fuentes (1955-). A total of twelve people were arrested: Walter Virú, his wife, their two sons, a pharmacist from Valencia, the fitness coach of the paralympic rider Javier Otxoa (1974-) together with a few physicians and pharmacists. At various raids, EPO, CERA and growth hormones were found and both computers and documents were seized. High-speed walker Francisco Javier Fernández (1977-), cyclists Pedro José Vera Alcaraz (1984-), Vicente García Acosta (1972-) and Cristina Navarro (1971-) were mentioned as involved athletes. The confessions of former rider and whistleblower Jésus Manzano (1978-) killed Virú. The doping cases of the athletes Julie Coulaud (1982-) and Martha Dominguez (1975-) are said to be linked to Viru. Both were caught using testosterone.

American Alexi Grewal (1960-) confessed the use of anabolic steroids throughout his racing career. In 1984 he tested positive for phenyletylamin for the first time, for which he was suspended for thirty days. After the 1992 West Virginian Mountain Classic, opium was found and he had to watch for three months and pay a $ 500 fine.

Traces of EPO were found in June at the Bask Mikel Astarloza (1979-) of the Euskaltel-Euskadi team, for which he was sentenced to watch from the sidelines for two years.

In June Italian Francesco De Bonis (1982-) was caught doping through his blood passport, which entailed two years of suspension.

Dutchman Thomas Dekker (1984-) was suspended for two years for his EPO use from 2007. He also admitted that use. He later published the book "My fight" in which he not only explained the doping practices in cycling, but also elaborated on the sexual excesses in the cycling peloton. Later he got death threats.

Austrian Christian Pfannberger (1979-) tested positive for EPO during a training check. This second positive doping test after 2004 earned him a 20-year suspension.

Russian Ilnur Zakarin (1989-) was suspended for two years, after metandienone was discovered in his urine during a check.

Football

In August, thirteen players of the first-class Cypriot APOP Kyniras were caught using anabolics.

In September the family of Bruno Beatrice (1948-1987) (photo), a former player of AC Fiorentia, sued his former trainer Carlo Mazzone (1937-). The family claimed compensation because Beatrice had died of leukemia in 1987 at the age of 30. Two years earlier, two of his former team mates had died, Nello Saltutti (1947-2003) had a fatal heart attack at the age of 56, Ugo Ferrante (1945-2004) died of throat cancer. In September 2010, the Public Prosecutor of Florence ordered an investigation into the condition of former player Giancarlo Galdiolo (1948-2018), who at the age of 61 developed a rare form of dementia. Afterwards several other players were mentioned who played for AC Fiorentina in the 1980s and who were seriously ill or who had already died. The first suspected death was that of Armando Segato (1930-1973) who at the age of 43 got the incurable neuropathic disease ALS. Giuseppe Longoni (1942-2006) died in 2006 from a series of brain haemorrhage, goalkeeper Massimo Mattolini (1953-2009) from renal insufficiency, Mario Sforzi (1956-2004) from a lymphoma, Giorgio Mariani (1946-2011) from cancer, Stefano Borgonovo ( 1964-2013) ended up with ALS in a wheelchair and died at the age of 49. Giancarlo Antognoni (1954-) survived a heart attack, from Giancarlo De Sisti (1943-) was removed a brain abscess and Domenico Caso (1954-) healed from liver cancer. All of these illnesses and deaths were linked to the two drugs that the players had to take from their trainer in the 1970s. The hormone stimulant Cortex and the analeptic Micoren were given generously, but also the pain reliever Optalidon.

Nine months suspension for Paddy Kenny (1978-) after a positive test for ephidrine. The three hundred-fold Irish international who also defended the Queens Park Rangers goal was also sentenced to pay for the costs of the proceedings.

Bolivian Miguel Hoyos (1981-) played with Hapoel Tel Aviv when, after the international Bolivia-Venezuela, he was caught using Dexamethasone, after which his contract was terminated.

Anzur Ismailov (1985-) from Uzbekistan played in the Chinese league at Changchub City, a city in northeastern China with seventeen million inhabitants. He was also called up for the national team of his native country, where he was caught using cannabis in June after the World Cup qualifier against Bahrain. He received a three-month suspension.

At Magnus Hedman (1973-), the former goalkeeper of Celtic and the Swedish national team, steroids and amphetamines were found during a routine check. The Swedish court sentenced him to a fine and the Ren Idrott Foundation (Pure Sports), for which he worked as an ambassador, fired him immediately. He was now divorced from his wife, consumed cocaine, amphetamines, anti-depressants and sleeping pills and was fired as co-commentator by the Swedish TV channel TV4. In 2012 he published his autobiography När ljuset släcks (When the light goes out).

Ice skating

When an abnormally high number of reticulocytes was found in Claudia Pechstein (1972-) during the 2009 all-around World Cup in Hamar, Norway,, the International Skating Union (ISU) suspended her for two years for blood doping. Pechstein maintained that she had never used prohibited drugs. The extreme blood values were the result of a mild form of blood cell anemia, which would affect around 800,000 Germans, which was confirmed in 2010 by doctors from the German Society for Hämatology and Onkology. Pechstein sued the ISU before the Judge and demanded compensation of 3.54 million euros. The Deutsche Olympische Sportbund admitted in 2015 that the suspension was a wrong decision

Judo

At the World Championships in the Netherlands, Chinese Tong Wen (1983-) tested positive for Clenbuterol, for which she was suspended for two years. But the arbitration court acquitted her because she had not been able to be present at the opening of the B-sample.

Mixed Martial Arts

The use of doping in the mixed martial arts seemed irreversible.

Russian Kirill Sidelnikov (1988-) had to stop his fight against American Paul Buentello (1974-) due to technical KO, but after that camp also got a bill of 2.500 dollars with a one-year suspension on top because he tested positive for Stanozolol.

After his victory over countryman Ross Clifton (1977-2009), American Ken Shamrock (1964-) was suspended for a year and he also had to pay 2.500 dollars, because 19-Norandrosterone, 19-Noretiocholanolone and Stanozolol were found in his urine. His brother stated about this:

"Frank used steroids all his life. Why do you think his mind is so confused? He has no psyche. The steroids gave him a false sense of security and once they are worked out you are no longer a super man. ”

Ross Clifton died that same year at the age of 32 from a heart attack, which also raised many questions.

Eleven days before his camp against Russian Fedor Emelianenko (1976-) American Josh Barnett (1977-) was caught using drostanolon a second time. Because it was not the first time, he received a lifelong suspension. Barnett unsuccesfully filed a four-fold appeal against this, and then switched to another union.

Another American Cole Province (1981-) won his fight against Brazilian Fredson Paixao (1979-), but it turned out that he had used methasterone. It took him nine months suspension and a fine of four thousand dollars.

Rowing

The Chinese rowing federation decided on a four years suspension for Guo Linna (1988-), because she was caught using 19-norandrostenedione during the eleventh National Games. In addition, she was fined 2,200 USD. Her coach Zhang Hui, who was involved in two doping cases, received a life sentence and also a fine of 2,200 dollars.

Rugby

Reni Maitua (1982-) played with the Parramatta Eels in the Australian Professional Rugby League and was also called up for the Australian national team and for Samoa. In May he tested positive for Clenbuterol and was pushed aside for two years.

Matthew Stevens (1982-) played at Bath Rugby Club, but he was also part of the English national team. After the European Cup against the Scottish Glasgow Warriors, he delivered a positive doping test on neoylecgonine and methylecgonine, two metabolites of cannabis. He stepped down before his team could fire him.

Australian Justin Harrison (1974-) played at Bath Rugby Club in the English rugby competition when it appeared in May that he had been on cocaine. The result was a two-year suspension, Harrison confessed the facts and casually said that all players were using it.

In June, a check after the Wigan-Salford competition found cocaine in the urine of Gareth Hock (1983-), for which he received a two-year suspension.

After the customs had intercepted two postal packages addressed to him, Australian Luke Troy (1983-) was suspended for two years. There were 21 packs of testosterone in the shipment from England, and one hundred capsules of DHEA 200 mg in the American pack. The whole event elicited the following:

"No wonder his nickname is 'showbag'. No candy came out of his bag, that much is certain."

Shooting

Mongolian shooter Li Jie (1973-) was caught doping during the eleventh national games.

Skiing

Russian biathletes Ekaterina Iourieva (1983-), the 2008 world champion, Albina Akhatova (1976-), the 2008 Olympic champion and Dmitry Yaroshenko (1976-), the silver medal at the 2007 European Championship, delivered a positive EPO test at the World Cup in Östersund. All three were suspended for two years.

Iourieva was caught EPO a second time in January 2014, which resulted her in being suspended for eight years, after which she decided to end her sporting career.

Two-time Olympia winner and eleven-time world champion Frank Luck (1967-) announced in April 2009 during the WDR TV broadcast 'SportInside' that his then DDR trainer had given him the anabolicum Oral-Turinabol without his knowledge. The German only found out when the Landeskriminalamtes Thüringen asked him to show the products displayed on a table at home. He recognized the pills but didn't know they were anabolics, they had told him all those years that it was vitamins.

Russian cross-country skier Natalja Matwejewa (1986-) found EPO in January during the World Cup in Whistler, Canada, for which she received a two-year suspension. After retesting the samples, she was suspended for life in December 2017, along with ten other Russian skiers, from participating in the Olympic Games.

Russian cross country skier Yevgeny Dementyev (1983-), Olympic champion in 2006, tested positive for EPO in August, which meant two years of watching from the sides.

Sumo wrestling

After his arrest for possession of cannabis, Wakakirin Shinichi (1983-) was banned from the Japan Sumo Association. After a month in jail, he confessed and was sentenced to ten months in prison. The following year he became a professional wrestler.

Swimming

Chinese swimmer Wei Kun delivered a positive test for formoterol, for which he was suspended for six months.

German breaststroke swimmer Sonja Schöber (1985-) was not allowed to participate in the FINA World Cup in Berlin and also had to give up for the German championships, after abnormally high concentrations of testosterone had been found in her blood. A few months later she was suspended for two years.

Michael Phelps (1985-) became world famous because he won 26 Olympic medals. In February, however, he received a three-month suspension after photos of him appeared, showing how he was smoking cannabis in a nightclub sucking at a water pipe. The American Swimming Union also withheld its financial support.

Doping also suddenly appeared among paralympics. British Heather Frederiksen (1985-) twice became Olympic champion on the 100m backstroke and won a total of eight medals in the paralympics. However, in 2009 she was suspended for six months due to the use of prohibited substances

Tennis

At the Miami tournament, Frenchman Richard Gasquet (1986-) tested positive for cocaine. As an excuse, he mentioned that he had kissed a girl who was a toxicoman. He was given a 12-month suspension, which was later reduced to 2.5 months.

After a positive test for methyl hexanamine, Czech Ivo Minár (1984-) was sentenced to watch from the sidelines for eight months.

Track and Field

In October 2009, the Secretary-General of the International Athletics Federation Pierre Weiss (1947-) wrote a letter to Russian athletics trainer Valentin Balakhnichev (1949-) that the blood samples of his athletes showed the highest values since the IAAF started testing and that those tests of the 2009 World Cup suggested the systematic abuse of blood doping and EPO.

Valentin Balakhnichev (1949-) has been the president of the Russian Athletics Federation since 1991, a member of the Executive Committee of the Russian Olympic Committee, Vice-Minister of Sport, Vice-President of the European Athletics Federation and treasurer of IAAF. He gave up the latter role when the German TV channel ARD reported in a report that there was an investigation into a systematic doping scandal in Russia.

The report also showed that Liliya Shobukhova (1977-), one of the fastest marathon runners in history, had paid $ 450,000 to avoid a doping suspension. She was eventually suspended and all her results from 2008 were annulled.

Under the supervision of Balakhnichev also worked the trainer and former speed walker Viktor Chegin (1962-), of whom at least 30 athletes were suspended due to doping, among others the Olympic and world champions speed walk Elena Lashmanova (1992-) and Valeriy Borchin (1986-).

Chinese trainer Zhu Lidong and his two pupils, the sprinters Teng Heina (1990-) and Ha Xianpin (1990-), were suspended for four years due to doping fraud and were each fined two thousand Euros. Heina had gone to the control instead of the designated Xianpin.

Chinese 800 and 1,500 m runner Fang Xie (1989-) had to step aside for four years because she avoided doping control.

Chinese sprinter Wang Jing (1988-), who won the gold medal in the 100m during the eleventh National Games and finished second in the 200m, tested positive for metabolites of epitestosterone and testosterone, for which she and her coach were suspended for life.

Brazilian 200 m sprinter Bruno de Barros (1987-) received a two-year suspension after a positive EPO test.

Marathon runner Liza Hunter-Galvan (1969-) was disappointed when a training check indicated that she had used EPO. The New Zealander immediately admitted that she had injected EPO three times in the weeks before the check. It led her to a two-year suspension.

During an out-of competition control during her training internship in Yalta, Ukraine, Greek triple-jumper Hrysopiyi Devetzi (1976-) could not or would not deliver a urine sample. It costed her two years of suspension, which prevented her from defending her 2008 Olympic bronze medal in Beijing at the 2012 London Games. When retesting the samples from 2008, it turned out that she had used stanozolol and so she had to hand in her bronze medal.

Triathlon

In October the Austrian anti-doping committee started an investigation into former rider and triathlete Hannes Hempel (1973-). His countrymen cyclist Bernhard Kohl (1982-) and triathlete Lisa Hütthaler (1983-) named him as supplier of the Cera for which both were caught and suspended. Hütthaler went one step further and explained that he had advised her to buy an employee from the research lab to get rid of the research results. In June 2010, Hempel received a four-year suspension, but two years later it was reduced by four months because he cooperated well with the investigation. In April 2013, it was reported that a positive testosterone test during an unannounced training check led to lifelong ban for Hempel.

Weightlifting

Iranian weightlifter Saeid Alihosseini (1988-) was given a lifelong suspension because he was caught using anabolic steroids, just like the year before. Afterwards his sentence was reduced to twelve years and a little later to eight years. On his return to the heavyweights, he immediately won the silver medal at the 2017 World Cup and the 2018 Asian Games.

Wrestling

Romanian Esther Good (1987-) received a two-year suspension after a doping test revealed the presence of the diuretic furosemide. All her results were canceled and she had to hand in five silver medals.