Doping and sports - 2012 Olympics
2012 Olympics
Before the start of the Olympics, the IOC announced that half of all participants would undergo a doping test. From the start of the Olympiad to the end of the Paralympics, 150 scientists took 6,250 samples. Every medalist was tested. The Olympic anti-doping laboratory performed four hundred checks daily on more than two hundred and forty prohibited products.
Rumors were circulating that a new product was circulating at this Olympiad. The thyroid hormone is a harmful product that is very risky for health. Thyroid was not yet on the WADA doping list, but it was already widely used in bodybuilding.
Everyone was curious to see how many positive results would emerge in the future, now that the IOC was going to store the samples taken in freezers, so that they could later be subjected to newer and improved test methods.
The Games came to an end when an article appeared in 'The Journal of Asthma', in which researcher Anni Aaviko noted that the use of asthma medication had increased enormously among Finnish athletes. In 2009, 372 athletes completed a questionnaire, and in this study the answers were compared to a similar survey from 2002. Intake increased from 9.4% in 2002 to 12.6% in 2009. The researcher of the Finnish Paavo Nurmi Center concluded that this was a worrying trend was not associated with an increase in symptoms, diagnoses, or lung function measurements. She therefore asked that other countries conduct a similar study to adapt the recommendations of the WADA rules.
In March, Bengt Saltin (1935-2014) claimed that controls at the London Olympics would be a waste of resources. The Swedish professor of physiology and ardent doping fighter further argued that with existing investigative capabilities blood doping could thrive for years to come, and that the IOC's promise that the London Games would be "the cleanest ever" was evenly lame.
In April, the research results of Declan Naughton, Professor of Biomolecular Sciences at London Kingston University, revealed that drinking a cup of green or white tea lowers the testosterone concentration in the urine by 30%, so tea can be used as a masking agent.
The scientist immediately informed WADA, after which medical director Olivier Rabin announced that new changes to the list would likely be needed.
Just before the Games, Xue Yinxian (1947-) confessed to the Sydney Morning Herald the doping use of her compatriots in the 1980s and 1990s in almost all sports. The Chinese Olympians were subjected to a state-sponsored doping based on Eastern European model. Steroids and human growth hormones were officially used as part of "science training" and were meant to help China develop into the greatest sporting nation of the 1980s and 1990s. Athletes often did not know what they were injected with and medical personnel who refused to participate in this practice were marginalized. However, the retired chief of the Chinese Olympic Committee's medical department immediately added that this was no longer the case for the 2012 Olympics.
In 2017 she repeated her allegations in an interview with the German TV channel ARD, meanwhile she had fled her country. Yinxian explained that more than 10,000 young athletes from football, athletics, swimming, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, badminton, diving, gymnastics and weightlifting were required to be included in the doping system from the age of 11. They were extensively tested so that they could not be caught during the competitions and who was clean got the code word: "Grandma is at home". Yinxian was said to be sidetracked when she refused to deliver doping to a young gymnast at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. She was no longer allowed to act as a team physician for the national team and her sons lost their jobs.
Caught before starting
In July, WADA President John Fahey (1945-) announced that no fewer than 107 athletes were being banned from the London Olympics due to doping.
"I'm glad they're not there, athletes who are now doping need to know that their chances of not being discovered are the smallest ever."
Cycling
Russian track racer Viktoria Baranowa (1990-), who in London would participate in the Keirin number, tested positive for testosterone just before departure and had to unpack her suitcases.
Gymnastics
Uzbek gymnast Luiza Galiulina (1992-) tested positive for furosemide during a training just before the start of the competition and could not participate.
Swimming
Chinese Li Zhesi (1995-) tested positive for EPO in an out-of-competition test in March, for which she was suspended for two years and for which she was thrown out of the Chinese Olympic team.
In March, Czech butterfly specialist Michal Rubácek (1986-) was suspended for two years after a doping test during the national championship revealed that he had taken methylhexamine. As a result, he missed his third Olympic participation in London.
Brazilian Glauber Silva (1986-) qualified for the 100m butterfly of the Olympics during the national trials in Rio de Janeiro, but tested positive afterwards and was suspended for two years, so he could not go to the Games.
Track and Field
In the run-up to the Games, the International Athletics Federation IAAF suspended nine athletes.
"This underscores our relentless fight against doping," said President Lamine Diack (1933-), "we are doing everything we can to get the cheaters out."
After a new analysis of the 2011 World Cup samples, three athletes were caught doping. Six other people who were suspended had deviating values in their biological passports.
Ukrainian Nataliya Tobias (1980-), four years earlier at the Beijing Olympics winner of the bronze medal in the 1,500 meters, and her compatriot, 400m runner Antonina Yefremova (1981-), were caught on testosterone.
Bulgarian sprinter Inna Eftimova (1988-) tested positive for the growth hormone hCG. The three were suspended for two years.
Also Moroccan long distance runner Abderrahim Goumri (1976-2013), Greek steeple specialist Irini Kokkinariou (1981-), Turkish long distance runner Meryem Erdogan (1990-),
and Russian race walker Nailya Yulamanova (1980-) and 800m runners Svetlana Klyuka (1978-) and Yevgeniya Zinuriva (1982-) were excluded before the start of the Games due to blood passport abnormalities.
Erdogan and the Russian trio were suspended for two years. Kokkinariou and Goumri had to stay aside for four years. Goumri died in a car accident in 2013.
The IAAF also confirmed that Mariem Selsouli (1984-), the Moroccan medal candidate in the 1,500 meters, tested positive for the diuretic furomiside in early July. It gave her an eight-year suspension because in 2009 she also had to stap to the side for three years when she had used EPO.
Italian Alex Schwazer (1984-) was not allowed to defend his 50km race walking title from four years before, when it turned out that he had tested positive for EPO just before the Games during an unannounced doping test at training camp in Oberstdorf. The public prosecutor in Bolzano filed suit in September 2014 against Schwazer, two physicians and an official from the athletics association FIDAL. At the end of 2014, Schwazer reached an agreement with the Italian court, he was given eight months' probation and a fine of 6,000 euros. In February 2015, his doping ban was extended by three months because he had avoided doping controls. Shortly after his suspension, Schwazer was caught using anabolics, after which the International Sport Court suspended him for eight years. In early 2018, a court in Bolzano sentenced Italian physicians Pierluigi Fiorella and Giuseppe Fischetto, who previously worked for Fidal, to two years' imprisonment for their support in Schwazer's manipulations. Schwazer's then-girlfriend, Italian figure skater Carolina Kostner (1987-) was also suspended for 16 months because she helped him evade a doping test.
Mathew Kisorio (1989-) was not at the start of the Olympic marathon. The Kenyan was caught using anabolics in June after the 10,000m of his national championships and was suspended for two years. In the ARD documentary 'Geständnis: Kenias Topläufer Kisorio redet über Doping' (Confession: Kenya's top runner Kisorio talks about doping) by the German journalist and doping expert Hajo Seppelt (1963-), Kisorio explained that doping was rife in Kenya and that physicians traveled the country to provide the athletes the necessary doping quantities.
On August 6, the Moldovan Olympic Committee announced it had suspended two female athletes for doping. As a result, Zalina Marghieva (1988-) (photo) was allowed to forget her participation in hammer throwing and Natalia Artyk her performance in the discus throw. Marghieva was suspended for four years.
Jamaican Debbie Dunn (1978-) applied for US citizenship when she entered Norfolk State University. In 2010 she won the 400m at the World Cup indoor in Doha and a second gold medal with the relay team 4 x 400m. However, in July 2012, she was caught using steroids and was forced to stay home from the Games and get a two-year suspension.
In April 2012, Colombian Diego Palomeque (1993-) set the national 400m record, reaching the limit for entering the Olympics. He did not pass the doping test before the start of the 400m, because he tested positive for testosterone and so he could pack his bags.
Semoy Hackett (1988-) would run the 100, 200 and 4 x 100m for Trinidad-Tobago, but was caught in June using methylhexaminin. In 2001 she had been suspended for six months after the World Cup relay, and in November 2012 she tested positive again, for which she was suspended for two years and four months.
Greek Cypriot Dimítrios Chondrokoúkis (1988-) won the gold medal in the high jump at the indoor World Cup in Istanbul, but was banned from the team the day before the start of the Games because he was caught using stanozolol. He also had to stay at the side for two years.
Because he had refused a doping test, Hungarian discus thrower Zoltán Kovágó (1979-) was also not welcome in London. In addition, he had to hand in the bronze medal that he had won at the European Championship.
Two days before the opening ceremony, Hungarian discus thrower Róbert Fazekas (1975-) delivered a positive test for stanazolol that prevented him from patrticipating. He was initially suspended for eight years because in 2004 he was also involved in a doping scandal in Athens. However, the Hungarian Anti-Doping Committee ruled that Fazekas had not consciously taken the steroid and reduced his suspension to six years, the product apparently contained in a dietary supplement. Fazekas took the Canadian company from the product to Court, and his suspension was further reduced to three years.
After the meeting in Monte Carlo, furomeside was found in the urine of Moroccan Amine Laâlou (1982-). That product to mask doping cost him the Olympic participation and he was suspended for two years. In April 2016, he tested positive for EPO, which resulted in an eight year ban.
Algerian Zahra Bouras (1987-) was not allowed to defend her African title 800m of the year before when she tested positive for stanozolol at a meeting in Montreuil, France. She was suspended for two years and therefore could not participate in the Olympics. She filed a complaint against unknown persons for allegedly poisoning her.
French 3,000m steeple champion Nour-Edinne Gezzar (1980-) was caught using EPO during the national championships in June. He was also suspended for two years in 2006, after positive tests on nandrolone and finasteride. The French athletics association pushed him aside for ten years, against which Gezzar appealed. He lost his appeal and could forget about the Games.
Belarusian Ivan Tsichan (1976-) had traveled to London, but had to return to the home. When retesting 105 samples from the 2004 Olympics, where he won the silver medal in hammer throw, it was found that Tsichan had been on prohibited substances. For that reason, he was banned from entering the stadium and had to hand in the 2004 silver medal.
100- and 200m sprinter Tameka Williams (1989-) from St Kitts and Nevis immediately packed her bags when she delivered a positive test before the start of the competition. She had injected herself with 'Blast Off Red', a performance enhancer from equestrian sports.
Kenyan Rael Kiyara (1984-) was caught using nandrolone after her victory in the Hamburg marathon, for which she was suspended for two years and could not go to the Games.
Jamaican athlete Dominique Blake (1987-) was caught using methylhexanamine during the Olympics qualifying matches. For the second time already, because in 2006 the 400m specialist tested positive for ephedrine and that is why she had to stay at the side for six years now.
Weightlifting
Turkish weightlifters Fatih Baydar (1983-) and Ibrahim Arat (1988-) qualified for the Olympics, but had to stay home after testing positive for hydroxystanozolol at training camp. They were also suspended for two years.
Albanian Hysen Pulaku (1993-) tested positive for stanozolol before the start of the competition and could therefor forget his ambitions. After his suspension he was caught again during the 2014 World Cup and that gave him eight years of watching from the side.
During the Games
The sad song continued at the Games itself. After three days, 1,706 of the anticipated 5,000 doping tests had already been administered.
Judo
In the eighth finals, American Nick Delpopolo (1989-) eliminated Belgian Dirk Van Tichelt (1984-), but was caught using cannabis and sent home.
Modern pentathlon
Dennis Cerkovskis (1978-) represented Latvia in the modern pentathlon, but when it turned out that he had used anabolic steroids the year before, he was suspended for two years and removed from the Olympic results.
Rowing
Brazilian Kissya Cataldo da Costa (1982-) qualified for the C-final of the skiff. Because it came out that she tested positive for EPO test during her preparation for the Olympiad, she no longer appeared at the start and was suspended for two years. In preparation for the 2016 Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she tested positive again, this time on the masking agent furosemide, which gave her a four year ban.
Medal winners with a doping history
In London, some medal winners have been involved in positive doping tests in the past. Cyclist Alexander Vinokourov (1973-) from Kazakhstan won the road race, Russian Tatyana Lysenko (1983-) won the hammer throw, Turkish Asli Çakir Alptekin (1985-) was the best over 1.500m and Croatian Sandra Perkoviç (1990-) in the discus throw.
American Justin Gatlin (1982-) won the bronze medal in the 100m and Jamaican sprinter Yohan Blake (1989-) won the silver medal in the 100 and 200m and captured gold with the relay team 4 x 100m.
Paralympics
Doping with EPO, anabolic steroids, cortisone or even cannabis was easily detected during the Summer Olympics, but at the start of the Paralympics, the Canadian mountaineer and spinal cord injury patient Brad Zdanivsky (1977-) gave a startling but hallucinatory interview about applied methods of 'natural doping' in athletes with spinal cord injury. In reality, these methods can be described as torture. Its purpose is to increase blood pressure called boosting. People with spinal cord injuries often have low blood pressure, in physically healthy people there is an automatic increase in blood pressure and heart rate during physical exertion, in people with spinal cord injury this usually does not happen. This increased blood pressure makes people more powerful. Boosting attempts to raise blood pressure by irritating the spinal cord in the most barbaric way. One method is, for example, not to go to the toilet for a long time, so that the bladder remains painfully filled. Some athletes even go so far as to tie off the catheter that is inserted into the bladder because of incontinence. Most "shocking" however, are the administration of electric shocks to legs and genitals. And yet more shocking the incidents where athletes crushed their toes with a hammer. Boosting is anything but harmless, it can lead to organ damage, stroke, or heart attack. But its effect are reported to be enormous. In 1994, a study was published in which eight wheelchair athletes improved their time in the 7.5 kilometers by nearly 10% after inflicting injuries. For these reasons, blood pressure was also measured on the Paralympics during the doping tests. Those who scored higher than 180 mmHg were banned from starting.
But there was also heavy swallowing and injecting during the Paralympics.
Brazilian weightlifter Bruno Pinheiro Carra was caught first. He was fined for nine months and fined $ 710 for using the diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide.
During the Paralympics, human growth hormone HgH was also tested for the first time. Immediately hit the mark for Russian weightlifters Vadim Rakitin (1976-) and Nikolai Marfin (1979-). Both delivered their positive pee before the start of the tournament and confessed to guilt.
Georgian powerlifter Shota Omarashvili (1981-) had also been banned for forbidden substances, even if they had not helped him. During the competition, he failed to get the weights up even once.
Australian Peter Martin (1962-) was also selected, he had been on the Probenicide. Martin previously collected four gold medals, in 1996, 2000 and 2004 he was the best shot putter in paraplegic athletes and also added the gold medal in javelin throw in 2004. At the 1996 Games he added the silver medal in the javelin throw, at the 2000 Games with the bronze medal in pentathlon and four years later the same honorary metal in the discus throw.
Track and Field
Spaniard Ángel Mullera (1984-) was registered for the 3,000m steeple, but was not allowed to start from his Olympic Committee when emails leaked in which he discussed the use of EPO with his coach. Mullera appealed this decision, after which CAS ordered the Spanish Olympic Committee to let him start in London. However, the Spaniard did not get through to the qualifications. In September 2013, he tested positive for corticosteroid after winning the 3,000m steeple in the Spanish Championship, he received a two-year suspension in 2015.
After his elimination in the series of the 5,000m, it appeared that Frenchman Hassan Hirt (1980-) had used EPO at training camp. Returned home and suspended for two years with immediate effect by the home federation.
Syrian Ghfran Almouhamad (1989-) finished last in her 400m hurdles series, but was caught using methylexaneamine, for which she was suspended for six months.
Karin Melis Mey (1983-), a Turk of South African origin, qualified for the long jump final, but was not allowed to compete when it was announced that she had delivered a positive test for testosterone a few months earlier during the European Championship. Later she was also suspended for another two years.
But the icing on the cake came on the final day when Russian shot putter Nadseya Astaptschuk (1980-) had to hand in her gold medal after testing positive twice for the anabolic drug, metelonone. Alexander Yefimov, the trainer of Ostapchuck, confessed after the Games that he had put metenolone in her food, because before the Games he was not satisfied with the poor performance of his pupil. He was put aside for four years. When the samples of the 2005 World Cup and the 2008 Olympics were also retested, it turned out that she had already doped at that time, so that she had to surrender the titles won at the time and received a four-year suspension.
Russian Darya Pishtschalnikowa (1985-) won the silver medal in the discus throw. In October 2008, she was suspended for two years along with seven other Russian athletes for manipulating her samples. Now after the stage ceremony it became known that a May 2012 test found that she had taken the anabolic steroid oxandrolone. In May 2013, the Russian Federation sentenced her to ten years' suspension and annulled all of her 2012 results, including the silver medal of the Games.
Wrestling
In free style wrestling, Soslan Tigiev (1983-) from Uzbekistan won the bronze medal in the category up to 74kg, but the test afterwards showed that he had used methylhexanamine, after which he had to hand in the medal. In addition, the re-testing of the 2008 samples showed that he was also doped at the Beijing Olympics, so he had to surrender the silver medal won at the time.
After the Games
On December 5, 2012, the IOC reported that it had asked its lab to re-examine 105 samples from the 2004 Olympics. Four medal winners then were caught, their success was apparently due to the use of steroids.
In the mens competition, Ukrainian shot putter Yuriy Bilonoh (1974-) had to hand in the gold medal after a positive test for oxandrolone, with a two-year suspension on top.
Among the women, Belarusian discus thrower Iryna Yatchenko (1965-) and Russian shot putter Svetlana Krivelyova (1969-) lost their bronze medals.
In a documentary by German journalist Hajo Seppelt (1963-) on December 3, 2014 on the German TV channel ARD, Russian Mariya Savinova (1985-), 800m gold medalist in Londonn confessed her doping use, including oxandrolone. WADA investigated that confession and issued in November 2015 a lifelong suspension demanding the IOC return her gold medal. However, the Court for Arbitration of Sport (CAS) did not respond to that request, but suspended Savinova retroactively for four years in February for the period from 2010 to 2013, losing the gold medals from the 2010 European Championship, the 2011 World Cup and the 2012 Olympics. She also had to hand in the silver medal of the 2013 World Cup.
In the same broadcast on ARD compatriot and bronze medalist Yekaterina Poistogova (1991-) confessed that she also had used oxandrolone but also EPO. In 2017, she was suspended for four years, but in 2018 the IOC reported receiving the silver medal instead of the bronze medal, as Mariya Savinova (1985-) was removed from the 2012 rankings.
Iwan Zichan (1976-), the Belarusian winner of the hammer-throw silver medal lost a medal for the second time. He also had to surrender the 2008 Olympic bronze medal because of the use of testosterone.
Irregularities in blood passport
Afterwards, the blood passport of many participants also turned out to be incorrect, resulting in suspensions of two to four years. The list:
Track and Field
800m
Russia: Elena Arzhakova (1989-).
Turkey: gold medalist Gamze Bulut (1992-)
1,500m
Belarus: Natallia Kareiva (1985-).
Qatar: Hamza Driouch (1994-).
Russia: Yekaterina Kostetskaya (1986-).
Saudi Arabia: Mohammed Shaween (1986-).
Turkey: Gold medalist Aslr Çakir Alptekin (1985-). Because she had already been penalized in 2004 for using metenolone, she was suspended for eight years.
Ukraine: Anna Mishchenko (1983-) and Anzhelika Shevchenko (1987-).
3,000m steeple
Spain: gold medalist Marta Domínguez (1975-). In December 2010 she was arrested by the Spanish police as part of the third major anti-doping action "Galgo".
Turkey: Binnaz Uslu (1985-). Because she was already caught in 2007 at an unannounced check-up at training camp, she now received a life sentence together with her coach Yahya Sevüktekin.
Ukraine: Svitlana Shmidt (1990-).
5,000m
Russia: Yelizaveta Grechishnikova (1983-).
Saudi Arabia: Hussain Al-hamdah (1983-).
Race walking
Russia: Sergey Bakulin (1986-), Olga Kaniskina (1985-), Sergey Kirdyapkin (1980-), Andrey Krivov (1985-), Igor Yerokhin (1985-) and Valeriy Borchin (1986 -). Yerokhin was caught using EPO in 2008, which is why he now got a life sentence. Borcin was caught in 2005 because of the use of ephedrine. He was now suspended for eight years, but had already stopped active sport.
Turkey: Semiha Mutlu (1987-).
Marathon
China: Wang Jiali (1986-). When in 2018 she was caught a second time, she had to stay aside for eight years.
Columbia: Yolanda Caballero (1982-).
Morocco: Abderrahime Bouramdane (1978-).
Russia: Liliya Shobukhova (1977-). At the end of 2014, she stated in the ARD documentary 'Geheimsache Doping' (Secret cache Doping) by Hajo Seppelt (1963-) that her blood values were in 2012 already known to the Russian Federation and that she had bought off the start at the London Olympics with 450,000 euros.
Turkey: Bahar Dogan (1974-) and Ümmü Kiraz (1982-).
Ukraine: Tetyana Hamera-Shmyrko (1983-).
Retests of the samples in 2016 and 2017
When retesting the frozen samples in 2016 and 2017, the number of dopants grew enormously and the following athletes were therefore removed from the results of the 2012 Olympics.
Boxing
Turkey: Adem Kiliççi (1986-).
Cycling
Russia: track racer Ekaterina Gnidenko (1992-).
Slovenia: mountain biker Blaža Klemencic (1980-).
Swimming
Ukraine: 'open water' swimmer Olga Beresnyeva (1985-).
Track and Field
110m hurdles
Turkey: Nevin Yanit (1986-).
1,500m
Russia: Yekaterina Sharmina (1986-).
3,000m steeple
Russia: gold medalist Yuliya Zaripova (1986-)
4 x 400m
Russia: silver medal winners Antonina Krivoshapka (1987-) and Yuliya Gushchina (1983-) (photo), and bronze medalists Maksim Dyldin (1987-) and Denis Alekseyev (1987-). Dyldin was subsequently banned for another four years because of a refused test.
Turkey: Meiliz Redif (1989-) and Pinar Saka (1985-).
Discus throw
Russia: Vera Ganeeva (1988)
Hammer throw
Belarus: Pavel Kryvitski (1984-) and 2008 gold medalist Aksana Miankova (1982-).
Russia: gold medalist Tatyana Lysenko (1983-), and Kirill Ikonnikov (1984-), Mariya Bespalova (1986-) and Gulfiya Khanafeyeva (1982-). It was already the third offense for Lysenko and that meant lifelong to the side. Bespalova tested positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone in 2015, earning her four additional years of suspension. For Khanafeyeva, it was the third positive test after 2002 and 2008, and WADA suspended her for eight years before that.
Ukraine: Aleksandr Dryhol (1966-).
Shot put
Russia: silver medalist Yevgeniya Kolodko (1990-).
Belarus: bronze medalist Andrei Mikhevich (1976-). He received his first suspension after the 2001 World Cup, when he had to serve for two years. At the 2005 World Cup, he tested positive for clenbuterol, metandienone and oxandrolone, so he was now banned for life.
Javelin throw
Ukraine: silver medalist Oleksandr Pyatnytsya (1985-).
Long jump
Belarus: Nastassia Mironchyk-Ivanova (1989-).
Russia: Anna Nazarova-Klyashtornaya (1986-).
Ukraine: Margaryta Tverdokhlib (1991-).
Pole vault
Russia: Dmitry Starodubtsev (1986-).
Ukraine: Maksym Mazuryk (1983-).
Triple jump
Russia: Viktoriya Valyukevich (1982-).
Heptathlon
Russia: bronze medalist Tatyana Chernova (1988-).
Ukraine: Lyudmyla Yosypenko (1984-).
Weightlifting
Armenia: bronze medalists Hripsime Khurshudyan (1987-) and Norayr Vardanyan (1987-). Vardanyan received in 2009 already six months after a positive test at the Chicago Pan American Games.
Azerbaijan: Boyanka Kostova (1993-) and Intigam Zairov (1985-).
Belarus: the bronze medalists Iryna Kulesha (1986-), Maryna Shkermankova (1990-), Dzina Sazanavets (1990-) and Yauheni Zharnasek (1987-),
Georgia: Rauli Tsirekidze (1987-).
Kazakhstan: gold medalists Ilya Ilyin (1988-), Svetlana Podobedova (1986-) and Zulfiya Chinshanlo (1993-), silver medalists Maiya Maneza (1985-) and Almas Uteshov (1988-). Ilyin was already cought in 2008 and 2012 and had to hand in both Olympic medals. Podobedova had already tested positive in 2006 when she was still competing for Russia.
Moldova: bronze medalist Cristina Iovu (1992-) and silver medalist Anatolie Cîrîcu (1988-). Iovu again tested positive for oxandrolone at the 2013 Universiade. Ciricu took the silver medal at the 2009 Junior World Cup but afterwards he tested positive and at the 2015 European Championship he won the bronze medal, but then he had also used prohibited products. He was put on suspension for eight years.
Russia: Andrey Demanov (1985-) and Khadzhimurat Akkaev (1985-), bronze medalist Natalya Zabolotnaya (1985-).
and the silver medalists Svetlana Tsarukayeva (1987-), Aleksandr Ivanov (1989-) and Apti Aukhadov (1992-).
Turkey: bronze medalist Sibel Simsek (1984-).
Ukraine: bronze medalist Yuliya Kalina (1988-).
Wrestling
Russia: silver medalist Besik Kudukhov (1986-2013)
Retests of the samples in 2019
A lot of participants in the 2012 Olympics also were caught during the retesting of 2019.
Canoe
Lithuania: silver medalist Yevgeny Shuklin (1985-)
Track and Field
100m hurdles
Russia: Yekaterina Galitskaya (1987-) and Yuliya Kondakova (1981-)
800m
Belarus: Anis Ananenka (1985-)
4 x 400m
Russia: silver medalist Tatyana Firova (1982-)
Hammer throw
Belarus: Alena Matoshka (1982-)
High jump
Russia: gold medalist Ivan Ukhov (1986-) and bronze medalist Svetlana Shkolina (1986-)
Long jump
Latvia: Ineta Radevica (1981-).
Triple jump
Russia: Lyukman Adams (1988-)
Weightlifting
Armenia: Mel Daluzyan (1988-).
Belarus: Mikalai Novikau (1986-).
Romania: Florin Croitoru (1993-).
Ukraine: gold medalist Oleksiy Torokhtiy (1986-).
Uzbekistan: Ruslan Nurudinov (1991-).
Wrestling
Azerbaijan: bronze medalist Valentin Hristov (1994-).
Georgia: silver medalist Davit Modzmanashvili (1986-).
Uzbekistan: gold medalist Artur Taymazov (1979-).
