Doping and sports - 2014

2014

In Belgium, 1,704 doping controls were carried out in competition, of which 3.7% was positive. The inspectors also visited fitness centers, with 37.7% of the 122 tests showing a positive result. Anabolics and testosterone accounted for 32% of cases, stimulants for 27% and 25.4% of the doping practices identified were refusers. In bodybuilding, 21% of the tests were positive, in ice hockey 16.7%, in powerlifting 13.3%, in boxing 11.9% in kickboxing 6.7%, in judo and cycling in the side associations 5.6%, in motorsport 3.6% in horse racing 3.3% and in cycling KBWB 2.5%.

A World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) report revealed that 5,962 doping cases were registered in 2013, compared to 2012 a staggering 20% increase. Most positive tests were found in Olympic sports. Weightlifting yielded 3.4% positive controls, wrestling and horse riding 2.3%, Judo 1.5% and boxing 1.4%. It was striking that positive results were also noted in sports such as chess, bridge and boccia. The increase came in the year when the football and tennis federations introduced the use of the organic passport for their athletes, allowing for biological data to be collected and compared.

Andy Parkinson, chief executive of UK Anti-Doping, stated that testing in Britain was getting more and more sophisticated, but ensuring that all sports would be drug-free remained a major challenge.

"The more advanced the tests, the more likely you are to catch an impostor," Parkinson said, "While the analytical side of anti-doping and science is improving, the industry and the black market are also trying to develop drugs that can bypass tests.”

As of 2014, doping sinners in Germany could also receive custodial sentences. German justice minister Heiko Maas (1966-) announced that an anti-doping law with that possibility was in the works. Doping property and trafficking were also included in criminal law with a maximum prison sentence of 10 years. The law only targeted elite athletes who received state aid or were part of the group regularly monitored by the German anti-doping agency. Amateur athletes were out of the law. Germany thus followed the example of Italy, Spain and France.

"We are pleased with this proposal. The government is taking a step in the right direction," the head of the Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes Alfons Hörmann (1960-) said.

The Dutch anti-doping agency started an investigation into the quality of the enormous amount of dietary supplements, which were freely available on the market. According to director of the Dutch Doping Authority, Herman Ram, 60% of Dutch elite athletes used supplements, an increasing number of which contained harmful substances for health and 80% of which came from the United States. The organization developed a special "app" with 3,000 substances, which athletes could consult to check the offered supplement.

WADA chairman Craig Reedie (1941-) announced that his organization had officially placed xenon and argon on the banned substance list. Athletes used these noble gases to create an oxygen deficiency in the tissues, to which the body reacted with the production of red blood cells.

In December 2014, the German TV channel ARD broadcasted the documentary 'Geheimsache Doping: Wie Russland seine Sieger Macht' (The doping secret: how Russia makes its winners) by Hajo Seppelt (1963-), in which the alleged Russian involvement of the state in systematic doping came to light, describing it as 'East German style'.

In this documentary, former Russian anti-doping committee servant Vitaly Stepanov (1984-) and his wife, 800m runner Yuliya Stepanova (1986-), claimed that Russian athletics officials had distributed banned substances in exchange for 5% of the earnings of a athlete and that they had also stashed positive tests in conjunction with control officials. The documentary contained conversations that Stepanova secretly recorded. Stepanova then fled her home.

Mariya Savinova (1985-), for example, confessed in the documentary to Stepanova that she had used oxandrolone for years, but that the Moscow laboratory had covered that abuse. The following year, the former Olympic and world champion of the 800m was suspended for life by WADA, but the Arbitration Court reduced that sentence to four years. However, all her achieved results were deleted between 2010 and 2013 and she had to hand in the medals won at the European, World and Olympic Games.

Russian long-distance runner Liliya Shobukhowa (1977-) reportedly paid EUR 450,000 to cover up a positive doping result. On April 29, 2014, the Russian athletics federation Schobukhowa suspended two years retroactively because suspicious values had been found in her biological passport, which suggested blood doping. In March 2015, the International Court of Justice increased its suspension by fourteen months, but four months later, WADA shortened it again by seven months.

According to the allegations, Sergei Portugalov (1950-) was involved in the most recent Russian doping program, the Russian physician of the Institute of Physical Culture had already been accused in the 1980s of organizing a state-sponsored doping.

Russian doping abuse was subsequently revealed in other documentaries in Germany, France and the United States:

• Geheimsache-doping. Im Schattenreich der Leichtathletik (The doping secret: in the shadow of athletics), ARD / Das Erste, broadcast on August 1, 2015.
• Geheimsache Doping: Russlands Täuschungsmanöver (The doping secret: the Russian deceptive maneuvers), ARD / Westdeutscher Rundfunk, broadcast on March 6, 2016.
• Russias Dark Secret, CBS News, broadcast on May 8, 2016.
• Plus vite, plus haut, plus dopés (Faster, higher, more doped), Arte in collaboration with Le Monde, broadcast on June 7, 2016.

American football

The National Football League (NFL) reached an agreement with the union representing the players on a new anti-doping policy. For example, stricter controls on growth hormones would be made in the future, but off-season stimulants would no longer lead to suspension. The use of marijuana was also no longer prohibited.

The NFL suspended Dallas Cowboys cornerback Orlando Scandrick (1987-) for the first four games of the season for testing positive on MDMA or Exstasy. Scandrick was the 21st out of 104 players suspended and lost about $ 1 million in revenue.

Australian Football

The doping scandal in Australia's most popular sport accused 34 former and still active Australian Rules players of doping use. All were affiliated with the Melbourne Essendon Bombers, one of the leading clubs in the country. After a sixteen-month investigation, ASASA uncovered staggering details about players injected into private clinics with muscle enhancers. Due to the scandal, the Essendon Bombers were banned from the competition and fined heavily for discrediting the sport.

Badminton

Lee Chong Wei (1982-), Olympic silver medalist in badminton in 2008, 2012 and 2016, tested positive for dexamethasone during the World Cup. The Malaysian denied that he had intentionally used doping and referred to a treatment for his calf injury. Still, he had to step aside for eight months.

South Korean world stars Kim Ki Jung (1990-) and Lee Yong Dae (1988-) were suspended for one year each because they reported wrong absences three times, thus avoiding doping controls.

Baseball

Major League Baseball reached an agreement with the union of American baseball players that a future positive doping test suspended 80 games.

Derrick Bernard (1992-) had to stay on side for 62 games because the right-handed pitcher of the New York Mets tested positive for nandrolone metabolites.

Choi Ji-Man (1991-) of the Seattle Mariners got 50 matches when a banned anabolic steroid was found during a doping test.

Basketball

Greek Nick Calathes (1989-) was suspended for twenty games because he tested positive for tamoxifen, which prevented the player from the Memphis Grizzlies from playing in the NBA playoffs.

Bobsleigh

American Kevin Ives (1988-) was suspended for a year by the USADA because he had not reported his 'where abouts' three times in eighteen months.

Boxing

Because Paul Koon (1986-) "forgot" to report his where-abouts three times in eighteen months, the American was suspended for two years.

Cycling

The Italian sports newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport made a few statements by 38-year-old Danilo Di Luca (1976-), who admitted that he used doping for twenty years.

“In the Giro d'Italia, 90% of the riders use doping, the other 10% prepare for other races and are not interested in the Giro. It is impossible to end within the top ten in the Giro without doping.”

According to the Italian, many bicycles were also equipped in the peloton of a motorbike.

"It is a very small device with a power of 150 watts, which is hidden in the bicycle."

The American sports tribunal AAA suspended Johan Bruyneel (1964-) for ten years, because the Belgian sports director of US Postal, together with Lance Amstrong (1971-), had a large share in the doping practices within the cycling team.

The then Spanish team physician of US Postal Pedro Celaya (1956-) (photo) and trainer John Marti were suspended for eight years.

The Italian Cycling Federation suspended Matteo Rabottini (1987-) for two years for EPO use, which was later reduced by three months because Rabottini cooperated in the investigation.

Just before serving his eighteen-month doping sentence, Italian Dario Mantelli (1990-) peed positive on testosterone in an unannounced check. His excuse was that he needed the product to treat erectile dysfunction, yet he was suspended for three years before ending his sports career.

The Italian Olympic committee CONI suspended Alessandro Ballan (1979-) for two years because he had blood doping administered in 2008 and 2009. The 2008 world champion was fired by BMC immediately. but the Italian has always denied the allegations. According to him, he was treated with ozone therapy to recover from a viral infection more quickly. The Court then acquitted him. In 2016 he ended his sporting career. Mantova pharmacist Guido Nigrelli was also involved in the case, he was sentenced to eight months' imprisonment and was banned from racing for the rest of his life. Team doctor Fiorenzo Egeo Bonazzi was suspended for four years. No fewer than 25 riders were involved in the so-called Mantova case.

Italian Francesco Reda (1982-) was suspended for two years because he bypassed a doping test. After serving his sentence, he finished second in the Italian Championship, but during the doping test afterwards he tested positive for EPO and was suspended for eight years.

After the eleventh stage of the Giro d'Italia, Diego Ulissi (1989-) tested positive for salbutamol. Before being tested, the Italian had reported that he was using Ventolin and acetaminophen because of respiratory problems, but he amply exceeded the allowed limit of 1000 nanograms/ml. He was suspended for nine months.

Jimmy Briceño (1986-) won the Vuelta al Táchira but the Venezuelan was caught using EPO and his team Androni Giocattoli-Venezuela broke his contract.

Cesar Marte (1993-) from the Dominican Republic delivered a positive pee on modafinil after the CRCA Lou Maltese Memorial in New York, for which he was suspended for two years.

American cyclo-crosser Daniel Baker (1977-) tested positive for anabolic steroids after the Grand Prix of Gloucester and was suspended for two years before that.

American Logan Loader (1989-2019) was suspended for eight months due to his use of methylhexaneamine during the Dana Point Grand Prix of Cycling. He died in September 2019 at the age of 30.

After American Todd Robertson (1963-) was first caught using EPO in 2011, he now tested positive for modafinil, which meant an eight-year suspension.

The court of arbitration for sport (CAS) suspended German Patrik Sinkewitz (1980-) for eight years. The judges in Lausanne therefore upheld NADA, which had punished repeat offender Sinkewitz in 2011 for a positive test at HGH.

Russian Kirill Svesjnikov (1992-) tested positive during the national track championships, for which he was suspended. In 2016 he was selected for the Olympics, but he was not allowed to travel to Rio de Janeiro with his fellow countrymen Dmitri Strachow (1995-) and Dmitri Sokolow (1988-) because all three were named as systematic doping users in the McLaren Report. In September 2017, the three brought McLaren, WADA and Russian whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov (1958-) to the Ontario Ontario Court, claiming seven million in damages.

Cycling team Astana fired the Kazak Valentin Iglinksi (1984-) immediately, after he was caught using EPO during the Eneco tour. He was suspended for four years and the investigation by the Court of Padua revealed that he was a loyal customer of the controversial Italian sports physician Michele Ferrari (1953-).

A little later it became known that his older brother Maksim Iglinski (1981-) had also been caught using EPO. The UCI International Cycling Union suspended him for two years after which he ended his cycling career.

A few months later, UCI announced that it would re-evaluate the Astana squad's license, as a third doping case came to light shortly. Ilya Davidenok (1992-) from Kazakhstan tested positive for anabolic steroids during the Tour de l'Avenir, which gave him a two-year suspension.

UCI president Brian Cookson (1951-) then invited team leader Alexander Vinokurov (1973-) to an interview.

Alexander Vinokurov (1973-), who was also discredited during his active cycling career in the past for doping and bribery practices, argued that his team could do nothing about it and that he would have lawyers prove that the riders acted on their own.

His words were not yet cold when a fourth rider from Astana was discredited. Kazak Victor Okisjev (1994-) had tested positive for anabolic steroids during the Asian championships, which gave him two years of suspension.

But it had not yet been done, Astana's Kazak Artur Fedossejev (1994-) also had traces of anabolic steroids in the urine during the Tour de l'Ain and was suspended for two years.

Astana then took his training team off course indefinitely. But the Kazakh cycling union fired general manager and former rider Dmitri Sedoun (1971-) and announced an in-depth investigation into the series of doping cases within the team.

"We stand for clean cycling in Kazakhstan and I guarantee that the research will be conducted according to the rules of the International Cycling Union."

After a four-year investigation into doping physician Michele Ferrari (1953-) suspended for life, the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Italian city of Padua discovered a link with cycling team Astana. Several riders and coaches of the Kazakh cycling team were named by name. The Public Prosecution Service sent a 550-page report to the Italian Olympic Committee (CONI). In collaboration with the doping physician who was suspended for life, a criminal gang had a turnover of at least thirty million euros. An important goal of the gang was to increase the market value of athletes through doping.

Italian Luca Benedetti (1988-) was suspended for life by the UCI because he was caught doping a second time. Traces of darbepoetin were found after the Grand Prix Cycliste de Saguenay. In 2010 he had already watched for two years when he was caught at training camp. Irony of fate was that Benedetti drove for the Amore & Vita team, which was committed to fighting doping with the Pope as a sponsor.

Equestrian

The World Equestrian Games in Caen, France, yielded two positive doping cases. In the horse Tra Flama (2005-) of South African Gillese de Villiers (1972-) the anti-inflammatory product phenylbutazone was found, while Qalao des Mers (2004-) of Frenchman Maxime Livio (1986-) tested positive for the sedative acepromazine.

The British Horse Authority (BHA) removed the second place of Estimate (2009-), a racehorse from Queen Elizabeth II (1926-), from the Ascot Gold Cup result due to a positive test for morphine. Morphine traces were also found in other horses from five different trainers. Estimate was not penalized because the BHA accepted that contaminated feed was the cause of the positive test.

Figure skating

Italian figure skater Carolina Kostner (1987-) received a 16-month suspension from the Italian Olympic committee CONI because she had impeded the doping test against her Italian ex-boyfriend Alex Schwazer (1984-). Quick walker Schwazer had been suspended for three and a half years the year before.

Football

After the match between his club FC Granada against Real Betis, Spaniard Dani Benítez (1987-) tested positive for cocaine.

Ice hockey

American world champion Sarah Erickson (1990-) had to watch from the stands for a year, because she had not filled in her 'where abouts'.

Jiu Jitsu

The Brazilian black belt 4th dan Braulio de Oliveira Estima (1980-) was suspended for two years because he had used methylhexaneamine.

Judo

In an out-of-competition test, Annie Atkinson (1992-) delivered a urine sample containing hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, triamterene and its metabolite 4-hydroxytriamterene, diuretics that can mask banned substances. The American was suspended for three months for this.

American Damian O'Hara (1980-) tested positive for the anabolics methylclostebol and promagnon and was suspended for a year for this.

Rugby

A great scandal erupted in the Australian rugby world. No fewer than ten top league players accepted a mild one-year suspension for their involvement in a 2011 doping program, provided they did not appeal. Suspended were Cronulla Sharks captain Paul Gallen (1981-) with teammates Nathan Gardner (1990-), Wade Graham (1990-) and Anthony Tupou (1983-), as well as Jeremy Smith (1980-) and Kade Snowden (1986) -) from New Castle Knights, Albert Kelly (1991-) and Luke Douglas (1986-) from the Gold Coast Titans and Matthew Wright (1991-) from North Queensland Cowboys. Paul Aiton (1985-) and Ben Pomeroy (1984-) of the Cromula Sharks turned down the offer.

South African Zane Botha (1988-) was banned from competition for two years after testing positive for stanozolol.

Rowing

American rower Nicholas Trojan (1991-) was suspended for nine months after methylphenidate was found in his urine.

Swimming

Chinese world and Olympic champion Sun Yang (1991-) tested positive for trimetazidin during the national championships and was suspended for three months by the China Anti-Doping Agency (CHINADA). Sun was also fined 5,000 RMB (€ 700), but argued that he was prescribed the drug for palpitations. The 22-year-old won five world titles, set the world record in the 1500 meters and was one of the best known and most controversial athletes in China. In September 2018, Sun declined to deliver a urine sample during an unannounced doping test and had the blood sample taken with a hammer destroyed.

The international swimming federation FINA suspended Russian Vitaly Melnikov (1990-) for two years, because traces of EPO were found in the urine samples of the backstroke specialist during the European Championships in Herning, Denmark. He also had to hand in the silver medal of the 100m backstroke and the Russian relay team 4 x 50m medley had lost the gold medal.

Russian breaststroke swimmer Yulia Efimova (1992-) was caught using the steroid dehydroepiandrosterone during an out-of-competition check, for which she was retroactively suspended for 16 months. All her October 2013 results were dropped, including the medals she won at the 100 and 200m breaststroke at the European Championships in Herning. The world records she then swam were cleared from the tables.

Russian 'open water' specialist Vladimir Djachin (1983-) was suspended because he tested positive during the national championships.

After the 4 x 50m medley of the World Cup competition, Russian backstroke swimmer Sergey Makov (1985-) delivered a positive pee on osatrine. He was suspended for two years, should the 2015 World Cup be forgotten in his own country, had to hand in the gold from the 4 x 50m individual medley and the world record swum was kept of the tables.

South Korean Park Tae-hwan (1989-) tested positive for testosterone in September 2014 ahead of the Asian Games. FINA suspended the reigning Olympic champion of the 400m freestyle for eighteen months, allowing Park to write the 2015 World Cup on his stomach. It also became difficult to qualify for the Rio Olympics.

Track and Field

American marathon runner Krist Anderson (1963-) was suspended for a year because she was caught using anabolics after the Pikes Peak Marathon in Colorado Springs.

American long distance runner Andrew Carnes (1987-) was suspended for two years when he was caught using EPO.

During the Asian Games, Chinese hammer thrower Zhang Wenxiu (1986-) tested positive for eranol, a synthetic anabolic from veterinary medicine. She had to hand in the gold medal, but was restored the following year because she may have ingested the product through contaminated food.

During the national championship, American high jumper Inika McPherson (1986-) tested positive for benzoylecgonine, the metabolite of cocaine which meant that she had to go for 21 months.

Wallace Spearmon (1984-) was suspended for three months because he tested positive for methylprednisolone after the meeting in Edmonton, Canada. A mild punishment because the three-time 200m American champion was able to present a prescription from his doctor.

The USADA suspended the sprinters Jeremy Hicks (1986-) and Reginald Dixon (1988-) and triple jumper Walter Davis (1979-) for a year each because they had not completed their whereabouts.

Ethiopian Hirt Beyene (1993-) delivered a positive test for methylhexaneamine after the Dick's Sporting Goods Pittsburgh Marathon.

Jamaican high jumper Damar Robinson (1994-) was banned from competitions for a year after he was caught using a chemical anabolic steroid.

400m runner Dominique Blake (1987-) was suspended for 4.5 years. The Jamaican was initially suspended for six years after testing positive during the Olympic qualifying matches. On appeal, that sentence was lower because of extenuating circumstances. Blake was suspended for nine months in 2006 for illicit use.

Russian marathon runner Lilija Sjoboesjova (1978-) was suspended for two years retroactively due to irregularities in her blood passport. As a result, she lost the gold medals of the London and Chicago marathons. In addition, she had to hand in the prize money and that amount rose considerably after a victory in the London Marathon of 2010, the cash prizes of the Chicago marathons in 2009, 2010 and 2011, the London cash prize of 2011 and the Marathon Majors.

Jelena Lashmanova (1992-) was suspended for two years by the Russian athletics federation, after traces of GW1516 were found in her blood during a doping test. GW1516 was a drug for hyperlipemia, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which was never marketed due to dangerous side effects. The 22-year-old speed walker won the 20 kilometers at the 2012 Olympics in London and was also the best at the 2013 World Cup in Moscow.

Dutch long distance runner Adriënne Herzog (1985-) exceeded the permitted testosterone/epitestosterone ratio. The athlete had previously been discredited for alleged doping use and was now given two years.

At a meeting in Soest, Germany, Dutch pole vaulter Rutger Koppelaar (1993-) tested positive and was suspended for two years for this.

World triple jumper Teddy Tamgho (1989-) was suspended for a year retroactively, the Frenchman missed three doping tests.

Hurdler Rhys Williams (1984-) from Wales responded positively to a doping test during the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. The 2012 European champion immediately withdrew from the competition.

Amantle Montsho (1983-) from Botswana tested positive for methylhexanamine during the Commonwealth Games and the 2011 400m world champion was suspended for two years.

In October, Kenyan Rita Jeptoo (1981-) won the Chicago Marathon, but a few weeks earlier she had been caught using EPO in an out-of-competition check. She was retroactively suspended for two years, losing the gold medals at the Chicago and Boston marathons.

In a raid on the apartment of French Laila Traby (1979-), the police found a supply of EPO and the test she had to undergo confirmed that the Moroccan-born long-distance runner had used the drug. She was suspended for three years.

The Kenyan union suspended its long-distance runners Viola Chelangat Kimetto (1981-) and Joyce Jemutai Kiplimo (1989-) two years after doping tests showed the use of norandrosterone earlier that year.

Weightlifting

After the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) fined Azerbaijan $ 500,000, the federation of Azerbaijan closed its weightlifting academy in Baku.

Moments later, it turned out that no fewer than eighteen athletes from Azerbaijan had tested positive: Valentin Hristov (1994-), Intiqam Zairov (1985-), Sardar Hasanov (1985-), Zulfugar Suleymanov (1982-), Silviya Angelova (1982-), Kamran Ismayilov (1993-), Alona Kiriienko (1987-), Marziyya Maharramova (1996-), Kseniia Vyshnytska (1997-), Elkhan Aligulizada (1995-), Yuliya Derkina, Iurri Dudugulo, Firidun Guliyev (1994-), Cristina Iovu (1992) -), Aluda Managadze (1986-), Naiilkhan Nabiyev, Nijat Rahimov (1993-) and Tetiana Varlamova (1989-).

At the 2005 World Cup, Valentin Hristov (1994-) tested positive for nandrolone after a two-year suspension, so he now had to watch from the stands for eight years. But he retested the samples from the 2012 Olympics that he had taken oralturinabol in London. Handing in the bronze medal and lifelong suspension was the verdict.

Re-testing the samples from the 2008 and 2012 Olympics showed that Intigam Zairov (1985-) had used turinabol at the time, which also gave him a lifetime lockout.

Silviya Angelova (1982-), born in Bulgaria, tested positive again during the 2015 World Cup, which led to her eight-year suspension.

The IWF also released the list of weightlifters who tested positive in 2013.

Albanians Romela Begaj (1986-), Arberi Cerciz (1997-), Daniel Godelli (1992-) and Hysen Pulaku (1992-), Argentinian Enrique Francisco Couturier, Belarusians Rychard Kurovski and Darya Tsevelava (1996-), Chilean Isidora Alarcon and Aquiles Guerrero (1991-), Iranians Mehdi Fouroutanhashemi, Seyedmostafa Khaliliamraei (1997-), Mehrshad Mahmoudi (1997-) and Ramin Valipour (1997-), Iraqi Mohammed Jasim Abbood Al Alfuri, Icelandic Gisli Kristjansson (1964-), Moldovan Andrei Birca (1988-), Mexicans Gladis Guadalupe Bueno Placencia (1992-) and Leonardo Everardo Guzman Lopez (1998-), Jack Anthony Madanamoothoo (1999-), Nigerian Chika Joy Amalaha ( 1997-), Obaid Al Battashi Asad Sultan (1996-) from Oman, Poles Marcin Dolega (1982-) and Katarzyna Iwona Ordzinska (1994-), North Koreans Su Jong Kim and Un Ju Kim (1989-), Al -Sowaid Wahid Mohammed from Qatar, Romanians Madaline-Bianca Molie (1996-) and Loredana-Elena Toma (1995-), Russians Victor Kharchenko (1991-) and Maksim Sheiko (1988-), Turk Mehmet Sevgili (1985-), Ukrainian Leonid Kubyshkovskyi (1994-), Uzbeks Manzurakhon Mamasalieva (1991-), Madina Mingboeva (1998-), Marina Sisoeva ( 1993-) and Makhliyo Togoeva (1992-) and Venezuelan Iriner Tahima Jimenez Smith (1988-).

Albanian Hysen Pulaku (1992-) tested positive again for stanozolol during the 2014 World Cup and was referred to the stands for eight years.

In 2014, Albanian Romela Begaj (1986-) won the gold medal at the World Cup, but was caught using stanozolol a second time and suspended for eight years. Apparently she was hard leather because after her suspension it was hit again during the 2017 World Cup in Anaheim, California, traces of stanozolol were found in her urine sample and so she had to watch for life.

Joseph Ekani Belinga (1989-) from Cameroon took part in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, where he was caught using N-bisdesmethyl sibutramine for a two-year suspension.

16-year-old Nigerian Chika Amalaha (1997-) lost her Glasgow-won title due to the use of a diuretic.

Nikki Carlin (1989-) delivered a positive pee on clenbuterol and oxandrolone during the US Championship, which meant a two-year suspension.

Ryan Dana (1980-) also tested positive during the American title fight, the dehydroepiandrosterone gave her 21 months suspension.

Sarah Robles (1988-) tested positive for testosterone and pregnandiol after the Pan American Championship, but the American claimed that she needed those products to treat her polycystic ovarian syndrome. To no avail, the IWF suspended her for two years.

Wrestling

RaVaughn Perkins (1992-) was suspended for six months after a trace of furosemide was found during a check-up with the American.

Obenson Blanc (1986-) was suspended for two years because Oklahoma was found in his urine during the American World Team Trials in Stillwater, Oklahoma.

Samil Erdogan (1990-) was caught stanzolol during the World Cup in Uzbekistan. The Turk finished third in the category up to 97kg, but had to hand in the bronze and go to the side for two years.

Steeve Guénot (1985-) was suspended for a year by the French anti-doping agency. The 2008 Olympic champion in the 66 pound class didn't give home twice when inspectors were at his door. He also failed to fill in his 'whereabouts'.

Wushu

During the Asian Games, Tai Cheau Xuen was caught using sibutramine, a weight loss product. The Malaysian practiced the oriental combat and style sport of wushu and had to hand in her gold medal.